Tam sim no tawg
. . .
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 17, 2023, Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Thoob Ntiaj Teb Kev Ua Phem Txhaum Cai (ICC) tau tshaj tawm tsab ntawv ntes rau Lavxias Thawj Tswj Hwm Vladimir Putin thiab Maria Lvova-Belova, Tus Thawj Coj rau Cov Menyuam Txoj Cai hauv Lub Chaw Haujlwm ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias Federation.
ICC liam tias ob leeg ua txhaum kev ua tsov ua rog ntawm "kev xa tawm tsis raug cai ntawm cov pej xeem (cov menyuam yaus)" thiab tau lees tias muaj qhov tsim nyog los ntseeg txhua tus neeg muaj lub luag haujlwm txhaum cai. Cov kev ua txhaum cai tau hais los saum no tau raug liam tias tau ua txhaum cai hauv thaj chaw uas nyob hauv Ukrainian txij thaum Lub Ob Hlis 24, 2022.
Xav txog Russia tsis paub txog ICC, nws yog qhov deb ntawm kev xav tias peb yuav pom Putin lossis Lvova-Belova hauv tes. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tsev hais plaub ntseeg tias "kev paub txog pej xeem ntawm daim ntawv tso cai yuav ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kev ua txhaum cai ntxiv."
BUCHA, UA - Tom qab cov tub rog Lavxias tau rub tawm ntawm lub nroog Bucha, cov duab tau tshwm sim qhia txoj kev littered nrog cov neeg tuag.
Ukrainian cov tub ceev xwm tau hais tias qee cov neeg pej xeem tau muab lawv txhais tes khi hauv qab lawv nraub qaum thiab raug tua ntawm lub taub hau. Cov tub rog Ukrainian kuj tau tshaj tawm tias qee lub cev tau qhia txog kev tsim txom.
Bucha tus kav nroog tau hais tias ntau dua 300 tus neeg pej xeem raug tua yam tsis muaj kev tawm tsam. Reuters tau tshaj tawm tias ib lub qhov ntxa loj tau pom nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj nyob ze.
Russia tau tsis lees paub nws cov tub rog tua neeg pej xeem hais tias cov duab tso tawm los ntawm tsoomfwv Ukrainian tau ua rau muaj qhov xwm txheej.
Raws li lub cev ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias rov qab los tsev, ntau tus neeg Lavxias tau hais tawm lawv qhov kev npau taws thaum raug liam tias ua tsov rog ua txhaum cai. BBC tshaj tawm tias ib tus neeg xam phaj Lavxias tau hais tias, "Kuv tsis ntseeg cov cuav no ... Kuv yuav tsis ntseeg lawv."
Cov zej zog thoob ntiaj teb tau hu rau kev tshawb nrhiav txog kev ua tsov rog Lavxias.
Ua raws li peb cov kev pabcuam nyob thiab kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm xyoo dhau los…
Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb:
24 Peb 2023 | 11:00 UTC — South Africa siv lus qhia kev cai lij choj ntawm kev ntes Putin thaum nws mus koom BRICS lub rooj sib tham thaum Lub Yim Hli.
20 Peb Hlis 2023 | 12:30 PM UTC — Russia lub koom haum soj ntsuam saum toj kawg nkaus qhib rooj plaub tawm tsam International Criminal Court, hais tias lawv tau paub tseeb tias tus neeg dawb huv ntawm kev ua txhaum cai.
17 Peb Hlis 2023 | 03:00 PM UTC — Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Thoob Ntiaj Teb Kev Ua Phem Txhaum Cai (ICC) tau tshaj tawm tsab ntawv foob rau Lavxias Thawj Tswj Hwm Vladimir Putin thiab Maria Lvova-Belova, Tus Thawj Coj rau Cov Menyuam Txoj Cai hauv Chaw Ua Haujlwm ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias Federation. ICC liam ob leeg ua txhaum kev ua tsov ua rog ntawm "kev xa tawm tsis raug cai ntawm cov pej xeem (cov menyuam yaus)."
08 Kaum Ob Hlis 2022 | 03:30 PM UTC — Putin cog lus tias yuav txuas ntxiv kev tawm tsam ntawm Ukraine daim phiaj hluav taws xob, hais tias lawv yog cov lus teb ncaj ncees rau "kev ua phem ntawm kev tua neeg" uas tau ua los ntawm Ukraine thaum lawv thaiv cov dej rau Donetsk.
10 Lub Kaum Hli 2022 | 02:30 PM UTC — Tom qab kev tawm tsam ntawm tus choj Russia-Crimea, Moscow pib tawm tsam Ukraine lub zog hluav taws xob, ua rau ntau lab tsis muaj hluav taws xob.
04 October 2022 | 04:00 UTC — Cov neeg tuag ntawm Ukrainian civilians txuas ntxiv mus pom nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Kharkiv recaptured. Tsis ntev los no, Human Rights Watch tau sau peb lub cev pom hauv hav zoov uas qhia tau tias muaj kev tsim txom.
15 Aug 2022 | 12:00 UTC — Lub tebchaws United Nations tau tshaj tawm cov naj npawb ntawm cov neeg raug tsim txom hauv tebchaws Ukraine txij thaum pib ua tsov rog. Cov lej tau tshaj tawm yog 5,514 tus neeg tuag thiab 7,698 raug mob.
04 Aug 2022 | 10:00 PM UTC — Amnesty International tau thuam cov tub rog Ukrainian rau kev ua phem rau nws cov pej xeem los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tub rog hauv thaj chaw nyob. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm tau hais tias, "cov tswv yim zoo li no ua txhaum txoj cai tib neeg thoob ntiaj teb" los ntawm kev hloov cov pej xeem mus rau hauv lub hom phiaj ua tub rog. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tau sau tseg tias nws tsis ua rau Russia qhov kev tawm tsam.
08 June 2022 | 3:55 teev UTC — Ukraine tau tshaj tawm "Phau Ntawv Kev Txhaum Cai" los sau txog kev ua tsov rog ua txhaum cai los ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias. Thawj Tswj Hwm Volodymyr Zelensky tshaj tawm phau ntawv los tuav cov tub rog Lavxias lub luag haujlwm thiab tau txais kev ncaj ncees rau Ukrainian cov neeg raug tsim txom ntawm kev ntxeem tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, phau ntawv yuav raug siv los sau cov pov thawj ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog.
31 maj 2022 | 4:51 teev tsaus ntuj UTC — Lub tsev hais plaub hauv tebchaws Ukrainian kaw ob tug tub rog Lavxias raug ntes rau 11 thiab ib nrab xyoo rau kev ua tsov rog ua txhaum cai hais txog kev tua lub nroog nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Ukraine.
17 maj 2022 | 12:14 teev tsaus ntuj UTC — Ukrainian tub ceev xwm txheeb xyuas ib tug tub rog Lavxias teb sab hluas, 21, uas tau liam tias tau ua phem ua phem rau ib tug hluas nkauj nrog peb lwm tus tom qab kaw nws tsev neeg hauv qab daus.
06 maj 2022 | 11:43 teev tsaus ntuj UTC — Amnesty International tau tshaj tawm tsab ntawv tshaj tawm txog ntau qhov kev ua tsov rog ua txhaum cai los ntawm Putin cov tub rog. Ib rooj plaub piav qhia ib tug txiv neej tua hauv nws chav ua noj los ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias thaum nws tus poj niam thiab cov menyuam nkaum hauv qab daus.
29 Plaub Hlis Ntuj 2022 | 10:07 teev tsaus ntuj UTC — UK Tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws Txawv Tebchaws Liz Truss tshaj tawm tias Tebchaws Askiv tau xa cov kws tshaj lij ua tsov rog rau Ukraine los pab tshawb nrhiav.
28 Plaub Hlis Ntuj 2022 | 3:19 PM UTC — Ukraine tau tshaj tawm cov duab ntawm kaum tus tub rog Lavxias xav ua tsov rog ua txhaum cai hauv Bucha. Tsoomfwv Ukrainian tau piav qhia lawv tias yog "tseem ceeb kaum." Lawv raug liam tias yog ib feem ntawm 64th brigade uas tau qhuas los ntawm Vladimir Putin.
22 Plaub Hlis Ntuj 2022 | 1:30 PM UTC — Raws li Ukrainian cov tub ceev xwm, cov duab satellite ntawm thaj chaw ze Mariupol tshwm sim pom ntau qhov ntxa loj. Mariupol lub nroog council kwv yees cov qhov ntxa tuaj yeem nkaum txog 9,000 tus neeg pej xeem lub cev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov duab satellite tsis tau lees paub tias yog pej xeem gravesites.
18 Plaub Hlis Ntuj 2022 | 1:20 teev tsaus ntuj UTC — Cov neeg Ixayees tau rau txim rau Russia qhov kev ua, hais txog lawv li "kev ua phem ua tsov ua rog." Russia tau teb los ntawm nws hais tias nws "yog ib qho kev sim tsis zoo ntawm kev siv qhov xwm txheej hauv Ukraine los cuam tshuam thoob ntiaj teb kev saib xyuas" los ntawm Israel-Palestinian kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab tau hu Israeli Ambassador rau Russia los qhia txog Israeli txoj haujlwm.
13 Plaub Hlis Ntuj 2022 | 7:00 PM UTC — Lub Koom Haum rau Kev Ruaj Ntseg thiab Kev Sib Koom Tes hauv Tebchaws Europe (OSCE) Lub Chaw Haujlwm rau Kev ywj pheej thiab tib neeg txoj cai tau tshaj tawm tsab ntawv tshaj tawm ua ntej uas qhia tias Russia tau ua txhaum kev ua tsov ua rog hauv Ukraine. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm tau hais tias "Nws tsis tuaj yeem xav tias ntau tus pej xeem yuav raug tua" yog tias Russia tau hwm tib neeg txoj cai.
11 Plaub Hlis Ntuj 2022 | 4:00 PM UTC — Fab Kis xa cov kws tshaj lij fab kev cai lij choj mus rau Ukraine los sau cov pov thawj ntawm kev iab liam Lavxias ua tsov rog. Pab neeg tshwj xeeb ntawm tub ceev xwm Fabkis suav nrog ob tus kws kho mob.
08 Plaub Hlis Ntuj 2022 | 7:30 teev tsaus ntuj UTC — Russia tau raug liam tias muaj kev ua phem ua tsov ua rog ntau dua tom qab lub foob pob hluav taws tsoo lub chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau Ukrainian hauv Kramatorsk, tua tsawg kawg 50 tus neeg. Qhov chaw nres tsheb yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb rau kev khiav tawm ntawm cov poj niam thiab menyuam yaus. Russia categorically tsis kam tsom cov neeg pej xeem.
04 Plaub Hlis Ntuj 2022 | 3:49 PM UTC — Ukraine pib ua tsov rog kev ua txhaum kev tshawb nrhiav rau kev tua neeg pej xeem. Ukraine tub ceev xwm hais tias lub cev ntawm 410 pej xeem tau pom nyob ib ncig ntawm Kyiv. Russia hais tias cov duab thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab yog "kev ua yeeb yam."
03 Plaub Hlis Ntuj 2022 | 6:00 teev tsaus ntuj UTC — Human Rights Watch tau tshaj tawm txog "kev ua txhaum cai ua tsov rog hauv tebchaws Russia-tswj", uas tsom mus rau lub nroog Bucha. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm tau lees tias cov tub rog Lavxias tau tua cov neeg Ukrainian.
02 Plaub Hlis Ntuj 2022 | 7:08 teev tsaus ntuj UTC — Cov tub rog Lavxias khiav tawm ntawm thaj chaw nyob ib puag ncig Kyiv raws li Ukrainian rog tshaj tawm "kev ywj pheej." Thawj Tswj Hwm Zelensky tau hais tias cov neeg Lavxias yog booby-ntug tsev thaum lawv tawm mus.
Qhov Tseeb Qhov Tseem Ceeb:
- Kev tawm tsam ntawm Ukraine lub zog daim phiaj tau raug rau txim los ntawm ntau tus thawj coj ua tsov rog ua txhaum cai, txawm hais tias kev cai lij choj thoob ntiaj teb tso cai rau kev tawm tsam yog tias lub hom phiaj kev puas tsuaj "muab kev ua tub rog kom zoo dua."
- Cov tub rog Lavxias tab tom rub rov qab los ntawm thaj av Kyiv kom tsom mus rau kev ua haujlwm nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb ntawm Ukraine.
- Cov duab tau pom txoj kev littered nrog hluav taws kub ntawm Lavxias teb sab tso tsheb hlau luam thiab lub cev tuag.
- Sky News tau liam tias tau txheeb xyuas ob daim yeeb yaj kiab qhia lub cev ntawm txoj kev ntawm Bucha.
- Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov duab tau tshaj tawm ntawm cov tub rog Ukrainian ua phem rau cov neeg raug kaw hauv tebchaws Russia, qhia txog kev ua txhaum cai ntawm Geneva Convention.
- Russia tsis lees paub txhua qhov kev ua phem ua tsov ua rog, hais tias Ukrainian nationalist fighters tua neeg pej xeem. Russia tseem hais tias ntau cov duab thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab uas nthuav tawm yog cuav thiab siv cov neeg ua yeeb yam.
- Vladimir Putin tau muab khoom plig qhuas rau cov tub rog tub rog tam sim no ntawm Bucha rau "kev ua yeeb yam loj thiab kev ua siab loj, ruaj khov thiab muaj zog." Txawm li cas los xij, Ukraine tau sau npe tib lub tub rog ua "ua txhaum kev ua tsov ua rog."
- Raws li lub Yim Hli, 13,212 tus neeg raug mob tuag tau raug tshaj tawm hauv Ukraine: 5,514 tus neeg tuag thiab 7,698 raug mob. Ntawm cov neeg pej xeem raug tua, muaj 1,451 tus poj niam thiab 356 tus menyuam yaus, raws li United Nations.
Duab los ntawm Ukraine
Live duab pub
Tau qhov twg los: https://i.dailymail.co.uk/1s/2021/04/09/12/41456780-9452479-Biden_seen_in_a_photo_which_was_found_on_his_laptop_joked_on_Thu-a-10_1617967582310.jpg
Cov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb
Amnesty International tshaj tawm tias tom qab kev tshawb nrhiav dav dav, lawv tau pom cov pov thawj uas cov tub rog Lavxias pheej siv ntau dua txwv cov foob pob hluav taws thiab cov mines tawg mus rau hauv Ukrainian nroog Kharkiv.
Russia tsis yog ib lub koom haum rau Convention on Cluster Munitions, tab sis ib qho kev tawm tsam tsis ncaj ncees uas ua rau raug mob lossis tua cov neeg pej xeem raug cais raws li kev ua phem ua tsov ua rog. Ib pawg foob pob tawg yog ib qho riam phom tawg uas tawg cov foob pob tawg me me hla ib cheeb tsam loj, tua cov tub rog thiab cov neeg tsis ncaj ncees. Lwm cov foob pob hluav taws tuaj yeem tawg cov av mines hla ntau thaj chaw, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo rau cov pej xeem ntev tom qab muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, Amnesty pom tias cov tub rog Ukrainian tau ua txhaum txoj cai tib neeg los ntawm kev tso cov phom loj nyob ze cov tsev neeg pej xeem, uas nyiam cov hluav taws Lavxias. Txawm li cas los xij, Amnesty tau sau tseg tias qhov no "tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los ua pov thawj qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm lub nroog los ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias."
Kev tshawb nrhiav ntxiv tau nthuav tawm ntau qhov ua txhaum cai los ntawm Ukrainian rog. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm tshaj tawm thaum Lub Yim Hli 4, 2022 tau hais tias Ukraine tau ua haujlwm riam phom hauv thaj chaw nyob uas hloov cov neeg pej xeem mus rau hauv cov hom phiaj tub rog. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm ua rau muaj kev npau taws thaum tus thawj coj ntawm Amnesty International's Ukraine caj npab, Oksana Pokalchuk, tawm ntawm lub koom haum hais tias tsab ntawv ceeb toom tau siv los ua "Lavxias kev tshaj tawm."
Tus kws lij choj tib neeg txoj cai uas saib xyuas kev sau cov pov thawj hauv Ukraine tau hais tias cov tub rog Lavxias muaj "kev tso cai tsis raug cai" los ua phem rau pej xeem ua riam phom. Lawv tau hais tias cov tub rog tsis tau qhia meej txog kev ua phem rau cov poj niam thiab cov ntxhais, tab sis tsis muaj kev qhuab qhia yog tias lawv ua. Ntau tus poj niam tau hais lus tim khawv txog kev sib deev los ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias.
Lub koom haum United Nations (UN) Human Rights tus thawj coj hais tias tam sim no muaj pov thawj ntxiv tias Russia tau ua txhaum kev ua tsov rog hauv Ukraine. UN Human Rights cov tub ceev xwm tau sau txog kev tua neeg tsis raug cai ntawm ib ncig ntawm 50 tus neeg pej xeem, qee qhov los ntawm kev ua tiav, thaum lawv lub luag haujlwm rau Bucha thaum lub Plaub Hlis 9, 2022.
Lub tebchaws United Nations tau tshaj tawm nws cov neeg raug tsim txom hloov tshiab rau 15 Lub Yim Hli 2022. Los ntawm 24 Lub Ob Hlis 2022, cov lej hauv qab no tau tshaj tawm hauv Ukraine:
- 5,514 cov pej xeem raug tua.
- 7,698 cov neeg raug mob.
- 1,451 tus poj niam raug tua.
- 356 tus menyuam raug tua.
- 1,149 tus poj niam raug mob.
- 595 tus menyuam raug mob.
Ua li cas tom ntej no?
Nws yog txhua yam zoo thiab zoo hais tias kev ua tsov ua rog tau ua txhaum, tab sis leej twg yuav pom kev ncaj ncees?
Nws tsis zoo li peb yuav pom Putin lossis nws cov thawj coj sawv cev rau kev ua txhaum cai ua tsov ua rog. Cov kev ua txhaum cai no feem ntau yuav raug foob los ntawm International Criminal Court (ICC); Txawm li cas los xij, Russia tsis yog tus neeg kos npe thiab tsis lees paub lub tsev hais plaub. Yog li, yog tias ICC tau tshaj tawm tsab ntawv ceeb toom rau Putin, nws yuav tsis muaj teeb meem vim tias Russia yuav tsis tso cai rau ICC cov thawj coj hauv lub tebchaws.
Qhov tseeb, Tebchaws Meskas tsis lees paub txoj cai lij choj ntawm ICC. Piv txwv li, thaum Trump tus thawj tswj hwm, ICC tau qhib kev tshawb nrhiav txog kev ua tsov rog ua txhaum cai los ntawm Asmeskas cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv Afghanistan. Tebchaws Asmeskas tau teb los ntawm kev rau txim thiab tsis kam vixaj rau ICC cov tub ceev xwm, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tag nrho los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm ib tus kws lij choj. Thawj Tswj Hwm Trump tau hais nyob rau hauv tsab cai tswjfwm tias cov kev ua ntawm ICC "hem ua rau ua txhaum cai rau lub tebchaws United States" thiab hais tias ICC "yuav tsum hwm cov kev txiav txim siab ntawm Tebchaws Meskas thiab lwm lub tebchaws tsis txhob cuam tshuam lawv cov neeg ua haujlwm rau ICC txoj cai. ”
Yog li ntawd, nws yog deb-fetched ntseeg tias peb yuav puas tau pom kev foob ntawm Putin lossis ib qho ntawm nws lub voj voog sab hauv. Tau kawg, tsab ntawv ceeb toom raug ntes tuaj yeem raug tua yog tias Putin mus sab nraud Russia mus rau lub tebchaws uas lees paub ICC, tab sis Lavxias tus thawj tswj hwm yuav ruam los ua qhov txaus ntshai.
Tiag tiag peb yuav pom qhov kev foob ntawm cov tub rog qib qis raug ntes rau hauv av hauv Ukraine. Thawj qhov kev sim ua txhaum cai ua tsov ua rog tau pib thaum lub Tsib Hlis, nrog thawj tus tub rog Lavxias raug txim mus rau hauv tsev lojcuj rau kev tua ib tug neeg pej xeem Ukrainian 62 xyoo - peb yuav pom ntau qhov xwm txheej zoo sib xws hauv lub hlis tom ntej los ntawm tsoomfwv Ukrainian.
Ib yam li ntawd, sab Lavxias teb sab yuav nrhiav nws tus kheej kev foob ntawm qhov nws pom tias ua tsov rog ua txhaum cai. Moscow tau xa lus meej thaum ob tug tub rog Askiv uas tuaj yeem mus rau Ukraine raug txim tuag.
Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias cov tub rog Lavxias teb sab tau tsoo los ntawm Ukraine nrog kev tsis saib xyuas tag nrho rau tib neeg lub neej. Cov pov thawj qhia tau hais tias kev ua tsov ua rog loj heev tau ua rau cov neeg tsis muaj tub rog, suav nrog cov poj niam thiab menyuam yaus.
Cov neeg tsawg tsawg ntawm cov tub rog raug ntes tuaj yeem ntsib kev ncaj ncees, tab sis cov neeg uas rov qab mus rau Russia yuav tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim thiab yuav raug qhuas ua tsov rog heroes.
Ib yam yog qhov tseeb:
Tiv thaiv los ntawm ciam teb ntawm Russia, nws cov tub rog loj heev, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nuclear, Putin thiab nws cov thawj coj yuav tsis poob pw tsaug zog ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav kev ua tsov ua rog.
FACT-check GUARANTEE (References):
https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/04/03/ukraine-apparent-war-crimes-russia-controlled-areas/ [ Ncaj nraim los ntawm qhov chaw ]
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-61073897/ [ Ncaj nraim los ntawm qhov chaw ]
https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/f/a/515868.pdf [Official report]
https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/04/1116692/ [ Ncaj nraim los ntawm qhov chaw ]
https://twitter.com/amnesty/status/1522542513491435521 [ Ncaj nraim los ntawm qhov chaw ]
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/research/2022/06/anyone-can-die-at-any-time-kharkiv/ [Official report]
https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/06/15/2020-12953/blocking-property-of-certain-persons-associated-with-the-international-criminal-court/ [Executive Order]
https://www.ohchr.org/en/news/2022/08/ukraine-civilian-casualty-update-15-august-2022 [Official txheeb cais]
https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/api-1977/article-52 [Kev cai lij choj]
Txoj
Qhov tseeb uncensored xov xwm thiab conservative kev xav nyob rau hauv US, UK, thiab ntiaj teb no kev nom kev tswv.
tau qhov tseebLag Luam
Cov xov xwm ua lag luam tiag thiab tsis lees paub los ntawm thoob plaws ntiaj teb.
tau qhov tseebHais txog nyiaj txiag
Lwm cov xov xwm nyiaj txiag nrog cov ntsiab lus tsis pom tseeb thiab cov kev xav tsis ncaj ncees.
tau qhov tseebkev cai lij choj
Kev ntsuam xyuas kev cai lij choj ntawm qhov kev sim siab tshiab thiab cov dab neeg ua txhaum cai los ntawm thoob plaws ntiaj teb.
tau qhov tseeb
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